An ancient protein balances gene activity and silences foreign DNA in bacteria: related news

An Ancient Protein Balances Gene Activity And Silences Foreign DNA In Bacteria

Compared to humans, bacteria have a much tidier genome. The tiny microorganisms pack their genes closely together, and don't carry around a lot of extraneous DNA, so-called junk DNA that fills in the gaps between genes. Some 90 percent of the complete genome sequence of the bacteria E. coli contains sequences of DNA that code for protein, while 90 percent of the human genome is non--coding junk DNA.

An ancient protein balances gene activity and silences foreign DNA in bacteria

NEW YORK, May 15, 2008 Compared to humans, bacteria have a much tidier genome. The tiny microorganisms pack their genes closely together, and dont carry around a lot of extraneous DNA, so-called junk DNA that fills in the gaps between genes. Some 90 percent of the complete genome sequence of the bacteria E. coli contains sequences of DNA that code for protein, while 90 percent of the human genome is noncoding junk DNA.

A global DNA barcode database

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Discovery of gene linked to adult-onset obesity

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NCI scientists visualize gene regulation in living cells

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Discover of key patterns in gene packaging

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Salmonella bacteria found in garden birds are sensitive to antibiotics

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Scientists Visualize Gene Regulation In Living Cells

A research team led by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has applied advanced imaging methods and computer simulations to be able to glance at the regulation of a cancer-related gene in a living cell. They found that the efficiency with which the components of the cell’s gene reading machinery come together has an impact on gene expression, the process by which a gene translates its information into a new protein. The findings, published in the May 23, 2008 issue of Molecular Cell, shed new light on the means by which living cells regulate gene activity.

NCI scientists visualize gene regulation in living cells

Singapore, May 29, 2008: A group of National Cancer Institute (NCI) researchers in the US has applied advanced imaging methods and computer simulations to be able to glance at the regulation of a cancer-related gene in a living cell. They found that the efficiency with which the components of the cell’s gene reading machinery come together has an impact on gene expression, the process by which a gene translates its information into a new protein. The findings shed new light on the means by which living cells regulate gene activity.

NCI scientists visualize gene regulation in living cells

A research team led by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has applied advanced imaging methods and computer simulations to be able to glance at the regulation of a cancer-related gene in a living cell. They found that the efficiency with which the components of the cell's gene reading machinery come together has an impact on gene expression, the process by which a gene translates its information into a new protein. The findings, published in the May 23 issue of Molecular Cell, shed new light on the means by which living cells regulate gene activity.

NCI Scientists Visualize Gene Regulation in Living Cells

WASHINGTON, May 22, 2008 - A research team led by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has applied advanced imaging methods and computer simulations to be able to glance at the regulation of a cancer-related gene in a living cell. They found that the efficiency with which the components of the cell's gene reading machinery come together has an impact on gene expression, the process by which a gene translates its information into a new protein. The findings, published in the May 23, 2008 issue of "Molecular Cell," shed new light on the means by which living cells regulate gene activity.

Germans link allergies to gene and skin protein

Munich - German scientists Wednesday linked allergy illnesses including dermatitis, hay fever and asthma to a gene in 8 per cent of European populations that deprives them of an essential skin protein. A study of 3,000 Munich schoolchildren produced the proof that a lack of the protein filaggrin, found in skin cells, is associated with skin allergies. The study tracked down variants of the gene that produces the protein.

Authentic Viking DNA From 1,000-Year-Old Skeletons

FiReaNGeL writes "Scientists were able to extract authentic DNA from ancient Viking skeletons, avoiding many of the problems of contamination faced by past researchers. Analysis of DNA from the remains of ancient humans provides valuable insights into such important questions as the origin of genetic diseases, migration patterns of our forefathers and tribal and family patterns. Using freshly sampled material from ten Viking skeletons from around AD 1,000, from a non-Christian burial site on the Danish island of Funen, Dissing and colleagues showed that it is indeed possible to retrieve authentic DNA from ancient humans."

Mutated Protein for Rett Syndrome Silences and Activates Gene Expression.

Investigators report that mutations in the gene that cause Rett syndrome both silence and activate gene expression.

First DNA Molecule Constructed from Mostly Synthetic Components

ScienceDaily is reporting that Japanese chemists have created the world's first DNA molecule comprised of almost entirely artificial components. The breakthrough could lead to advances in both medicine and technology, possibly utilizing the massive storage capacity of DNA. "In the new study, Masahiko Inouye and colleagues point out that scientists have tried for years to develop artificial versions of DNA in order to extend its amazing information storage capabilities. As the genetic blueprint of all life forms, DNA uses the same set of four basic building blocks, known as bases, to code for a variety of proteins used in cell functioning and development. Until now, scientists have only been able to craft DNA molecules with one or a few artificial parts, including certain bases.

Deconstructing Green Fluorescent Protein

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been reassembled from two pieces, a large fragment 214 amino acids in length that is produced recombinantly (GFP 1−10) and a short synthetic peptide corresponding to the 11th stave of the β-barrel that is 16 amino acids long (synthetic GFP 11), following a system developed by Waldo and co-workers (Cabantous, S.; et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 102−7) as an in vivo probe for protein association and folding. We demonstrate that the reassembled protein has identical absorption and excited-state proton transfer dynamics as a whole protein of the identical sequence. We show that the reassembled protein can be taken apart and the peptide replaced with a different synthetic peptide designed to perturb the chromophore absorption.

"Massive" Horizontal Gene Transfer In Animal Kingdom Revealed

If you're an animal, you inherit your genes from your parents at the moment of conception, right? Not quite, according to scientists from the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), who have uncovered evidence of "massive" horizontal gene transfer in the animal known as the bdelloid rotifer. Reporting their findings in Science, the researchers say they have discovered numerous chunks of foreign DNA in its genome, from bacteria, fungi, and even from plants. Gene transfer on such a large scale was, until now, thought impossible in the animal kingdom.

Once suspect protein found to promote DNA repair, prevent cancer

An abundant chromosomal protein that binds to damaged DNA prevents cancer development by enhancing DNA repair, researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center report online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Science.

Once-suspect Protein Found To Promote DNA Repair, Prevent Cancer

An abundant chromosomal protein that binds to damaged DNA prevents cancer development by enhancing DNA repair, researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center report online in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Science July 21, 2008.

Once Suspect Protein Found to Promote DNA Repair, Prevent Cancer

Newswise - An abundant chromosomal protein that binds to damaged DNA prevents cancer development by enhancing DNA repair, researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center report online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Organism Captures and Assimilates Foreign DNA

Small freshwater invertebrates known as rotifers have the uncanny ability to capture bits of DNA from other organisms and assimilate that genetic code. Researchers writing this week in the journal Science report that the genome of one class of rotifers can include DNA from bacteria, fungi, and even plants.

Bacteria In Extremely Hostile Environments: New Protein Discovered That Repairs DNA Under Extreme Conditions

Mild environmental conditions are a prerequisite for life. Strong acids or dissolved metallic salts in high concentrations are detrimental to both humans and to simpler life forms, such as bacteria. Such conditions destroy proteins, ensuring that all biological functions in the cells come to a standstill. So what do we find at the limits of hostile conditions where we still find life?

Ancient DNA Tells Tales fr

DNA from a 2,000-year-old burial site in Mongolia has revealed new information about the Xiongnu, a nomadic tribe that once reigned in Central Asia. Researchers in France studied DNA from more than 62 skeletons to reconstruct the history and social organization of a long-forgotten culture.

New electrostatic-based DNA microarray technique could revolutionize medical diagnostics

A new method for reading DNA (or RNA) microarrays is based on measuring the electrostatic repulsion between silica microspheres and hybridized DNA. Surface areas containing double-stranded DNA (red) or single-stranded DNA (blue) can be easily disting ...

Scientists Probe Ancient "RNA World"

Proteins carry out almost all of life's cellular functions today, but bacteria sometimes depend instead upon ancient forms of RNA, once viewed merely as the chemical intermediaries between DNA's instruction manual and the creation of proteins. Now, Yale University researchers have described how bacteria accomplish this feat in the journal Science.

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